a. Vehicles for topical agents
1. Ointments
1) Oleaginous ointments
2) Emulsified ointments
2. Creams
3. Lotions
1) Emulsive lotions
2) Shake lotions
3) Other topical agents
4. Gels
5. Powders
6. Liniments
7. Pastes
8. Plasters
9. Other vehicles for topical agents

b. Main topical agents
1. Corticosteroids (steroid)
2. Immunosuppressants
3. Antifungal agents
4. Antibiotics
5. Vitamin D analogues
6. Urea
7. Zinc oxide
8. Sulfur, Resorcinol
9. Salicylic acid
10. Phenol
11. Tars
12. Other agents

c. Application

1. Antihistamines
2. Corticosteroids
3. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics, antipyretics and other anti-inflammatory drugs
4. Immunosuppressants
5. Antifungal agents
6. Antibiotics
7. Antiviral agents
8. Retinoids
9. DDS (4,4’-diamino-diphenyl-sulfone, diaphenylsulfone)
10. Vitamin preparations
11. Anticancer agents
12. Biologic (molecular-targeted) therapies

1. Basics and theory of laser therapy
2. Laser therapy on pigmented skin lesions
3. Dye lasers for vascular lesions

1. Phototherapies
1) Ultraviolet (UV) light
2) Infrared (IR) irradiation
2. Radiotherapy
1) Electron beams
2) Soft X-rays
3. Cryotherapy, Cryosurgery
4. Thermotherapy, Hyperthermia
5. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy

1. Excision and suturing
2. Skin graft
3. Dermabrasion, Skin abrasion
4. Chemical peeling
5. Electrosurgery, Iontophoresis
6. Laser knife