HOME > Shimizu's Textbook of Dermatology: Contents TOP > Chapter 2 Histopathology of the Skin
Skin biopsy
a. Epidermis 1. Acanthosis (epidermal hyperplasia) 2. Epidermal atrophy (epidermal hypoplasia) 3. Hyperkeratosis 4. Parakeratosis 5. Dyskeratosis 6. Hypergranulosis 7. Granular degeneration, epidermolytic hyperkeratosis 8. Spongiosis, intercellular edema 9. Intracellular edema (ballooning degeneration) 10. Acantholysis 11. Blister, Bulla 12. Pustule 13. Exocytosis (cell infiltration into the epidermis)
b. Dermo-epidermal junction 1. Vacuolar degeneration (hydropic degeneration) 2. Melanin synthesis abnormality
c. Dermis 1. Inflammatory cell infiltration 2. Granuloma 3. Giant cell 4. Changes in connective tissue 5. Deposition of foreign substances
d. Subcutaneous fat tissue 1. Panniculitis 2. Other changes in fat tissue
1. Immunofluorescence (IF) 1) Direct IF 2) Indirect IF 3) Complement IF
2. Immunoenzyme method
Electron microscopy (EM) and immuno EM
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